Classical greek influence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical greek influence - Research Paper Example Zeus was the king of Greek gods and god of weather and rains in ancient Greece. Zeus like other gods prevented humankind from making progress and learning the basics of life. These gods punished people for not obeying their orders. Gods were against the use of fire by human beings as it was the symbol of power for the god and goddess (Roebuck, 1984). Doric, Ionic and Corinthian were the architectural orders used by people, which were commonly seen in their temples. Doric was the basic order that was used previously by Spartans (Durant, 1997). Initially wooden structures were used and these were replaced with stones later on. Religion and god images are very clear on construction of golden age. Corinthian order was not frequently used for being very fancy. Ionic architecture was the final order. Dimensions of these orders were eight to nine feet high instead of four feet. Sculpture shapes are also found on the Ionic structure. Stones were also used to carve hair shape and other religious shapes in the Ionic architecture (Durant,

Fire Safety Essay Example for Free

Fire Safety Essay The entire casualty of a fire to a society may be equal to all the fire hazards in the society; this would comprise of the buildings, agriculture, transportation, and so on. A lot of factors contribute to the total cost. With regards to the damage caused by the fires we have, definitely, the direct casualty of life, harm and the real economic losses due to the occurrence of fire. There are indirect or important outcomes because of the disorder of amenities, loss of trade, and means of employment. There is also community distress and unease, specifically the subsequent chief catastrophes and the cost of any hassle caused. The outlay of fire safety procedures includes costs meant for fire prevention, fire control when they occur, and extenuating their direct and indirect aftermath. This comprises the cost of services such as the fire contingent, fire indemnity, and an extensive part of building power or other variable measures (Rasbash, 2004). The Nature of the Fire Hazard The hazard of fire is the result of unrestrained, exothermic responses, particularly involving natural resources and air. It is predominantly connected with flammable materials and energy resources utilized by people in daily life. Although fire intimidates both the living and their property, and its management costs much disbursement, the danger must be situated against the advantage achieved from these properties so that an unbiased view can be attained. Furthermore, existing principles are greatly reliant on the utilization of buildings. The additional risk when fires happen in an enclosed space, by means of the increased temperature and smoke being trapped rather than moving comparatively safely upward, requires being located against the essential worth of using buildings. It then follows that one cannot, in general abolish the danger of fire, although one can lessen it to an adequately low intensity by appropriate design measures (Kiurski, 1999). Major Fire Hazard Areas Loss and damage caused by fire can occur anytime activity happens. Maybe the most common setting for such activity is inside buildings. Such incorporate both domestic and nondomestic grounds, and the latter can expand to a broad array of tenure, such as various factories, establishment structures where there are particular dangers to the community, these includes areas of open assemblies and spaces where people sleep, like hotels and hospitals. Business occupancies broaden further than building structures to take in mines, process plants within open, offshore mechanisms, agricultural harvests, and forestry. Lastly there is an entire variety of amenities for highway, rail, marine, and air transportation even lengthening in current period to satellites and space sections. For most of these danger zones, a substantial and expensive fire incidence conditions has built up over the time being and has known to widespread necessities for fire safety. In the world of fire insurance, particular danger locations are regularly called â€Å"risks† (Rasbash, 2004). The Chemistry of Fire Fire is basically a chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light. In a typical community, all the elements essential for fire to begin are present – fuel, heat or ignition source, and oxygen (air). However, recent research suggests that fourth factor is present. This factor has been classified as a reaction chain in which burning continues and even action of the molecules from the material burning with the oxygen in the atmosphere. Fires have been divided into four classes based in the nature of combustible material and requirements for extinguishment: Class A: usual flammable solid equipment, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fabric. Class B: flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products. Class C: electrical apparatus that are keyed up or energized. Class D: combustible/reactive metals, such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium (Bishop, Fody, Schoeff, 2004). Fire Extinguishment and Inhibition The most basic and most efficient approach on hand to the architect to guarantee fire safety is to avoid fires from starting, that is fire prevention. If this tactic is successful, then there is no need even to attempt any other fire safety measure. Prevention of ignition and the limitation of the fuel available are the twin methods of fire prevention. In scheming to lessen the explosion danger, there are two things the architect has to do: firstly plan out the assumed explosion danger or causes; and secondly, to facilitate the infrastructure to be controlled in such an approach that the danger of explosion is get rid of. The actual design against the risk and the design to permit management against the risk must be seen together. The first necessity for the designer is an understanding of the most likely ignition risks in the particular building type under construction: it is essential to know your enemy if it is going to be defeated. Probably the most common cause of ignition, and certainly the hardest to design against, is human carelessness. Almost all fires started by smoking materials or matches could be avoided, and yet these are one of the major causes of domestic fires and consequent loss of life. Similarly, the continuing high incidence of fires concerned with cookers and stoves are normally due to human carelessness (Stollard Abrahams, 1999). Types and Applications of Fire Extinguishers Just as fires have been divided into classes, fire extinguishers are divided into classes that correspond to the type of fire to be extinguished. Be certain to choose the right type – using the wrong type of extinguisher may be dangerous. For example, do not use water on burning liquids or electrical equipment. Pressurized-water extinguishers, as well as suds and multi-use dry-chemical types, are used for Class A fires. For Class B and C fires, on the other hand, multi-use dry-chemical and carbon dioxide extinguishers are used. Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers are particularly recommended for use with computer equipment. Class D fires present special problems, and extinguishment is left to trained firefighters using special dry-chemical extinguishers. Personnel should know the location and type of portable fire extinguisher near their work area and know how to use an extinguisher before a fire occurs. In the event of fire, first evacuate all personnel, patients, and visitors who are in immediate danger and then activate the fire alarm, report the fire, and attempt to extinguish the fire, if possible. Personnel should work as a team to carry out emergency procedure. Fire drills must be conducted regularly and with appropriate documentation (Bishop et al. , 2004). Fire Safety Codes Fire safety codes and regulations exist to provide a reasonable measure of safety in a building from fire, explosions, or other comparable emergencies. The model code used by most jurisdictions is the Life Safety Code written by the National Fire Protection Association, Covering many of the same concerns with design, construction, and materials as in the building codes, the Life Safety Code attempts to lessen the danger to life from fire, smoke, and hazardous fumes and gases. The intent of these codes is to prevent a fire whenever possible. However, since all fires cannot be prevented, the codes also focus on fore control. Fire prevention is facilitated by the regulation of hazards and such things as controls on the kinds of material – both construction and furnishings – that can be used in buildings. Fire safety control is facilitated by the requirement of fire sprinklers, fire doors, and the like. Fire codes focus on such matters as egress interior architectural finishes, and fire protection equipment such as sprinklers and smoke detectors. Fire regulations related to furniture construction and fabrics or finishes are more a matter of federal, state and local regulations (Piotrowski, 2001). Contribution of Fire Safety Engineering Fire safety engineering can be defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to reduce the loss of life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved and to provide an optimal solution to the application of preventive or protective measures. The concept of fire safety engineering may be applied to any situation where fire is a potential hazard. Although this text is mainly concerned with building structures, similar principles are equally applicable to the problems associated with oil or gas installations or other structures such as highway bridges. The additional hazards from gas and oil installations are primarily caused by the far more rapid growth of fire and the associated faster rates of temperature rise. This has been recognized by considering the testing of material response under heating regimes other than those associated with the more conventional cellulosic fires. The design methods are, however, similar to those for the situation covered by the more normal cellulosic based fires (Purkiss, 1996). Conclusion: Sticking to Basics Most instructive programs of any kind boil down to making an audience aware of a few key points. A rule of thumb in virtually any kind of education is that the more elementary a skill or given bit of knowledge is the more valuable it is. A general, fundamental rule can be more generally applied in everyday life than one that is tied to more advanced principles. For the fire service, this means educating an audience on basic means of prevention and coping with emergencies – subjects that professional firefighters might almost take for granted or consider obvious, but about which the average citizen may never have given much thought (Kiurski, 1999). References: Bishop, M. L. , Fody, E. P. , Schoeff, L. (2004). Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Procedures, Correlations (5th ed. ). New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kiurski, T. (1999). Creating a Fire-Safe Community: A Guide for Fire Safety Educators. New Jersey: PennWell Books. Piotrowski, C. M. (2001). Professional Practice for Interior Designers (3rd ed. ). Canada: John Wiley and Sons. Purkiss, J. A. (1996). Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures. Oxford: Elsevier. Rasbash, D. (2004). Evaluation of Fire Safety. England: John Wiley and Sons. Stollard, P. , Abrahams, J. (1999). Fire from First Principles: A Design Guide to Building Fire Safety (3rd ed. ). London and New York: Taylor Francis.

The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Charles Dickens

The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens At one point in the novel, Dickens tells the reader that Miss. Havisham was a wonderful, beautiful woman and is considered to be a great match. In contrast, when the reader first meets her she is a frightful old woman who cares about nothing but herself. She is determined to live her life in self-pity and seek revenge on all men. In the novel, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Miss Havisham is established as a cruel and bitter old woman trapped in the past, nearly a century ago, when she was abandoned on her wedding day, and is now raising an adopted daughter to seek revenge on all men by breaking their hearts however, near the end of the novel when she converses with Pip about his love for her daughter over the years, it is evident to her after that she has made a dreadful mistake and changes most drastically before she dies. "I had heard of Miss Havisham up town-everybody for miles round had heard of Miss Havisham up town as an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers and led a life of seclusion." Even before meeting Miss. Havisham the reader is introduced to her and has an idea of what she is all about. Anyone who lives secluded from society for years is going to be considered eccentric. The town perceptibly gossips about her since everyone has heard of her. The first time Dickens has the reader meet Miss. Havisham is through Pip. The young boy is told to go visit her and play and as he sees the house he describes it in bleak detail. As he is led to Miss. Havisham through the dark halls by her daughter, Estella, the tone of the house is set. There are cobwebs, antique furniture, and clocks all stopped at twenty minutes to nine. Finally Miss. Havisham is introduced. She is seen in her once white, now yellow, wedding dress. All of this description, the old house, the clocks, the wedding dress, explains how Miss. Havisham was left on her wedding day many years ago and that was when her life stopped. She even says as Pip is leaving, "There, there! I know nothing of days of the week; I know nothing of weeks of the year. Come again after six days. You hear?" Dickens creates the house and Miss. Havisham as a unity. The condition and aspect of the house shows the gloom in her mind. The way the house is dark is just fuel for her desire to seek The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Charles Dickens The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens At one point in the novel, Dickens tells the reader that Miss. Havisham was a wonderful, beautiful woman and is considered to be a great match. In contrast, when the reader first meets her she is a frightful old woman who cares about nothing but herself. She is determined to live her life in self-pity and seek revenge on all men. In the novel, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Miss Havisham is established as a cruel and bitter old woman trapped in the past, nearly a century ago, when she was abandoned on her wedding day, and is now raising an adopted daughter to seek revenge on all men by breaking their hearts however, near the end of the novel when she converses with Pip about his love for her daughter over the years, it is evident to her after that she has made a dreadful mistake and changes most drastically before she dies. "I had heard of Miss Havisham up town-everybody for miles round had heard of Miss Havisham up town as an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers and led a life of seclusion." Even before meeting Miss. Havisham the reader is introduced to her and has an idea of what she is all about. Anyone who lives secluded from society for years is going to be considered eccentric. The town perceptibly gossips about her since everyone has heard of her. The first time Dickens has the reader meet Miss. Havisham is through Pip. The young boy is told to go visit her and play and as he sees the house he describes it in bleak detail. As he is led to Miss. Havisham through the dark halls by her daughter, Estella, the tone of the house is set. There are cobwebs, antique furniture, and clocks all stopped at twenty minutes to nine. Finally Miss. Havisham is introduced. She is seen in her once white, now yellow, wedding dress. All of this description, the old house, the clocks, the wedding dress, explains how Miss. Havisham was left on her wedding day many years ago and that was when her life stopped. She even says as Pip is leaving, "There, there! I know nothing of days of the week; I know nothing of weeks of the year. Come again after six days. You hear?" Dickens creates the house and Miss. Havisham as a unity. The condition and aspect of the house shows the gloom in her mind. The way the house is dark is just fuel for her desire to seek

Factors Affecting Essay

Few markets avoid change, which involves new products or new ways of making existing products. Some industries are more likely to undergo substantial changes brought about by new technologies and new adaptations of existing technologies. The IT, computer and mobile phone markets are experiencing more innovation than most. How do businesses benefit from introducing radical new products and what factors influence the range and pace of innovation? Spending on research and development (R&D) is growing globally and in most industrial sectors. The benefits to a country of encouraging R&D spending include: †¢creation of high-tech jobs †¢creation of high-added-value products that may then be manufactured in that country †¢prestige – a country being linked to scientific and technological breakthroughs †¢Attraction of investment by multinational corporations. Several factors may influence the level of research and development (R&D) and innovation by a business: †¢The nature of the industry. Rapidly changing technologies – and consumer expectations – in pharmaceutical products, defense, computer and software products and motor vehicles lead to the need for substantial investment in R&D by leading firms. Other businesses, such as hotels and hairdressing, would need to spend much less as the scope for innovation is more limited. †¢The R&D and innovation spending plans of competitors. In most markets, it is essential to innovate as much as or more than competitors if market share and technical leadership are to be maintained. However, a monopoly may limit R&D spending if it believes that the risk of a more technically advanced competitor entering the market is limited. On the other hand, profits from a monopoly could be used to finance research into innovative products if the risk of competitor entry into the industry is high. †¢Business expectations. If business managers are optimistic about the future state of the economy and the rate of economic growth and consumer demand, then they are more likely to agree to substantial budgets for R&D and aim to introduce more innovative products. †¢The risk profile or culture of the business. The attitude of the management to risk and whether shareholders are prepared to invest for the long term will have a significant effect on the sums that businesses can inject into R&D programmes. ‘Short-termism’ is an accusation made towards many major UK financial institutions and the need to satisfy these investors could discourage managers from investing in R&D. Government policy towards grants to businesses and universities for R&D programmes and the range and scope of tax allowances for such expenditure will influence decisions by businesses. †¢Finance is needed for effective R&D. In many firms this may be limited and will restrict the number of new innovations that could be made. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/operations-management-homework-help View as multi-pages

Educational Distinction between US and Bangladesh Essay

Hello everyone, I am here to present a paper on the educational distinction between the USA and Bangladesh. Education is one of the most important tools today, and it is education that would change the future of the country and of the world. Let me read you an interesting poem on education by Randy Johnson first, a poem that states clearly what exactly an educational system must achieve in an individual’s life: â€Å"If you want to succeed, go to college and get a degree. Study hard and make good grades, that is the key. Nothing spells success like a good education. You can be a doctor or President of a corporation. If you want to be a success, an education is what you’ll need. A person who is educated will be far more likely to succeed. † As we all know, the American education system offers its students one of the most varied set of options available anywhere in the world; one would be able to choose to study anything at all that interests him or her, right from art and music to rocket science and nuclear physics. At an average, an American child is required to start school at the age of five, which is when he joins kindergarten, after which he progresses through consecutive grades and reaches secondary school level. After the student attains his High School Diploma, he can enter the College or University of his choice, where he would be awarded either an Associate’s Degree or a Bachelor’s Degree. He can progress towards a Master’s degree, and thereafter towards a PhD. (American Education System 2007) Secondly, I would like to say that it would help to remember that America is considered a free society, with equal opportunities for everyone, regardless of their gender, cultural and religious or even sexual orientation, and their ethnicity. I will now compare this state of affairs with those in Bangladesh. According to the past United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, â€Å"Bangladesh is the basket case of the world. † He meant that Bangladesh was one of the poorest countries in the world at the time, 1972, where more people than not live below the poverty line, even today. This crowded city is constantly battered by natural disasters such as floods, famine and drought, and experts state that education in the country would automatically help to improve productivity and to further the economic growth of the country. Education is therefore the key to development and to change in the dismal conditions in the country. The World Bank has loaned significant amounts of money to the government of Bangladesh so that conditions may be improved and the country’s people may broaden their horizons through education, that most essential tool to growth and development. In Bangladesh most private schools offer English as the medium of instruction. However, private schools are often unaffordable for the poorer classes, and therefore, the masses learn in Bengali, the state language. Private school students are expected to complete their A-levels to enter a College or University of their choice, while others must write their Matriculation to complete school. The homeless hundreds in Bangladesh are offered educational instruction by Madrassas, where priests teach them the ways of Islam. At the end, the students are expected to become either priests or other Islamic religious figures. (Education in Bangladesh n. d) Third, let us examine the state of education in America. However, Robert Reich, a Professor of socio and economic policy at Brandeis University has stated that America is fast on its way to ‘marketing’ its higher education, a dangerous trend, in which education is starting to resemble any other professional service industry, in which an ‘investment’ is made, and returns expected from that investment. To compound the problem, certain expensive ‘brands’ of education are becoming available only to those elite who can actually afford them, thereby denying the same to those who lack the funds to pay for the education. Shouldn’t education be freely available to all those who need it? (Reich, Robert 2004) In Bangladesh, the problem is that education in the English language is not available to everyone who may want it and this at a time when English is being recognized worldwide as one of the most important skills that an individual may need in the workplace. The BBC World Service Trust has launched an initiative in the country, wherein the language becomes accessible to hundreds and thousands of Bangladeshis, so that these people may be able to play a more important role in the social and economic development of their country. (Howie, Caroline n. d) As Choudhury puts it, Bangladesh seems to be slowly but inexorably moving towards a military rule, what with plenty of anti-American and anti-West sentiments being aroused by the nation’s leaders. Moriarty, a US diplomat working in Bangladesh, says that if one were to hope to improve the ties between Bangladesh and America, then one must make concerted efforts to accelerate the development of the ‘three Ds’, that is, democracy, development and denying space to terrorism. If the issue of education were to take precedence over these problems, then there is no reason why the country cannot progress in leaps and bounds, to stay at par with the developments in the rest of the world. (Salah Uddin Sohaib Choudhury 2008) Finally, let me compare America and Bangladesh in terms of education, and see where both stand. As one educationist put it, investing money and resources in children’s future is neither a luxury, nor can it be considered a choice, be it in the United States of America, or in Bangladesh, or anywhere else in the world. Take the example set by America: a hundred years ago, it was decided that every child born on American soil must complete his or her high school education, and about forty years ago, an order was passed to make sure that every American child would enjoy the chance to enter the College or University of his choice. The ‘No Child left Behind Act’ passed by President Bush has been one of the groundbreaking policies ever passed, and quite a lot of hard work has gone in to make sure that no child is indeed left behind, or deprived of the education that is his birthright. In Bangladesh, although it is true that students have the choice of attending world class schools, it is almost certain that only the elite and the wealthy would have a chance to enroll in these schools, leaving the rest far behind to attend either Bengali schools or schools run by Madrassas that teach in Arabic. Out of these, about 15% Bangladeshi children do not even get a chance to enter primary school, while even less are able to complete their higher education. As a matter of fact, even the teachers in schools seem ill equipped or even trained to teach, no matter what the medium of instruction may be. It is the widely held belief that collaborative efforts must be initiated if changes are to brought in, and this is the reason why agencies like USAID have stepped in with new teaching methods and materials designed to make learning fun and interesting for Bangladeshi children. We can hope that things will improve in Bangladesh, and that Bangladeshi children, and also American children, will be better equipped to face the challenges of today with greater strength and courage than before. (Hafez, Khoda 2004) As Bill Beattie put it, â€Å"The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think – rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men. † I would like to conclude with this small quote on education that clearly explains what education must and should be all about. Thank you!

Effects of the Us civil war essays

Effects of the Us civil war essays The American Civil War, from 1861-1865, marked one of the most permanent changes in American history; transforming the country economically, politically and socially, leading to the virtual reconstruction of a burgeoning nation. Whilst the war increased northern prosperity, the South's entire society consequently collapsed entirely. Today the conflict remains the USA's most important internal struggle in its relatively brief history. The war's impact on northern livelihood was a positive one, profiting immensely in areas unobtainable to the south, resulting in the devastation of southern economy and the advancement of the north's. The Civil War was largely a product of divergent economic organisation between the North and the South of the United States. Revolving around 'King Cotton', the Southern economy relied upon slave labour to work its vast plantations. "From 1790 to 1860 some 500,000 slaves grew to 4 million, and in the same period, 1000 tonnes of cotton grew to 1 million" [Zinn: 92: 1980] Slavery had become essential to the Southern way of life; agriculture was depended upon wholly and all available funds were used to perpetuate it, preventing development in other industries. "The South's was a 'low capital' economy that permitted wealth to be created by hard work, given the opportunity of free trade unimpeded by tariffs" [ findout:81: 1976.] African slaves, once paid for, were owned for life and all their children became slaves. This served to firmly establish slavery as a cheap and effective labour source for the Southern plantation owners. This lasted for more than two hundred years. " Cotton production nearly doubled in the 1850's" [Berkley:78:], illustrating increased slave labour to further develop the Gulf Plains and 'frontier' land. (Appendix 1) Eventually, the southern plantation owners went into debt to the northern traders for the transportation of slaves, and as a result a general dislike of Northerner...

Cross culture Management problems in an Organization

Cross culture Management problems in an Organization 17Cross culture Management problems in an OrganizationIntroductionThere are times when a company hears the reasons for a project failure or an International deal termination in between that are due to lack of understanding problem, disgruntled employees, team work and similar to those. Just think for a second if a Nurse does not communicate to the doctor that he is not operating on right leg, or if there is a communication gap between pilot and copilot regarding the landing issues. We hardly consider International communication problem in Business is of such a big issue. But it is a critical component.There is an assumption that important information should be communicated to people who need to know. It is in your hand what to say but it is not in your control that what the other person understands. It happens in diverse organization where different managers belongs to different cultures are sending conflicting messages to a subordinate describing about priorities.With respect to abo ve all issues which lead to communication barrier and consequently have an impact on the attainment of goal, it is important to identify this problem at the initial stage so not to put on stake the success.There is one more barrier to the effective communication is the style of communication which fails to express the relevant thought adequately. It is important for sender to anticipate possible causes of misperception which results into poor communication. Senders also lack in understanding the perspective on the way people would receive the message, especially when there is a complexity leading to difficulties. As mentioned above all these lead to distrust, confusion and low morale among employees. A very common problem in communication is seen in multinational companies here employees belong to different cultural background and have difficulty in...