3000 words essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

3000 words - Essay Example Experiences of stress may change the way a person thinks about everything, they way they behave and their pattern of physiological activities. The changes under certain circumstances can lead to the increase of risks associated with psychological, social and physical ill-health and at times behaviours that are inappropriate (Houdmont and Leka, 2010, p37). Stress can be defined as the non-specific response by the body as a result of any demand made on it. Demand in this case is defined as a stressor which may arise from a stimulus or an event. Stressors come in many different ways and they range from time pressure, extreme pressure, and extreme temperature to physical assault. When an individual is exposed to such a stressor, a physiological stress response occurs. The response can be measured through observation by different measures such as dilated pupils, increased heart rate and increased blood pressure according to Hosek, Kavanagh and Miller (2006, p23). Physiological manifestations of stress are identical regardless of the type of external demand but its effect on performance varies among individuals. The effect on performance ranges from physical impairments and cognitive reactions. Stress-performance relationship models indicate quite different scenarios. There is U-shaped and negative linear stress-relationship models. In the U-shaped model, performance improves when the stimulus reaches a moderate level and decreases when the stimulus levels increase beyond the moderate levels. Although this is the case, individual differences that exist may alter the shape of the curve. According to a research done, evidence showed that an inverted-U relationship exists in the industrial sector especially on job performance. In a negative linear relationship, stress regardless of the level reduces work performance through draining the person’s energy, time and concentration.

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final Exam - Essay Example For instance, the government of UAE has a tendency of overstaffing departments. In most of these cases, these individuals do not have the necessary educational backgrounds and experiences to fit, in these departments. The need to overstaff government departments and agencies arise from the unemployment rates (Jabbra & Jabbra 137). Additionally, this need arises from the country’s dependence on oil production and economy. Recent efforts focusing on branching out face stiff competition and resistance from the oil industry and government activities directed towards the oil industry. Few non-energy based businesses face challenges in thriving in this economy because they lack the work force that has been concentrated, in the energy industry. The complexity and rigidity of rules in UAE further provide challenges to the adoption of Western governmental cultures. These rules are developed with an aim of concentrating power and growing the size of the government. This has led to an in crease in unethical practices such as nepotism, corruption and misuse of public resources and office. The government or public sector creates immense job opportunities for the UAE residents. However, these jobs are usually open for UAE residents. For instance, Etisalat, which is a semi governmental corporation, is overstaffed with UAE residents (Jabbra & Jabbra 140). ... For instance, in 2010, the government was rocked with several corruption scandals that threatened its administrative processes. The size and extent of power, in UAE government, facilitate instances of corruption. In addition, corruption is a crucial issue in government owned corporations especially in the oil and telecommunication industries. Though corruption is not as rampant as in other states, it occurs through careless and unscrupulous businesses. It is essential to note that administrative processes in UAE occur in an environment that does not facilitate accountability (Jabbra & Jabbra 141). The administrative environment in UAE does not have proper checks, balances, and appropriate safeguards that can prevent these instances of corruption. As public servants carry out their official duties, they lack accountability for their behaviors and actions, which favors instances of corruption. Establishing accountability in administrative processes is a crucial tool and strategy in red ucing the unenthusiastic effects of corruption. In this case, all public servants will be accountable for their actions and decisions. This ensures that these public servants reach decisions that aim at improving their departments. Accountability is essential because workers become answerable for their decisions and actions (Jabbra & Jabbra 138). Additionally, it creates awareness that negative actions, behaviors and decisions lead to possible legal proceedings. Accountability will also help in addressing bureaucracy because it helps in the development of a functional administrative structure with spelt out duties and responsibilities for each administrative function. Question 3 In my opinion, public administration is both an art and science. Public