Personal statement for nursing

As the first child growing up in a Chinese family In a predominantly minority Oakland community, I watched my grandfather take countless prescribed medications for Illnesses from cancer and thyroid Issues, and being Diabetic. Noticing the medicine cabinet full of drugs made me question what exactly went on in my grandfather's body when he took these daily medications. I attended most my grandfather's health care appointments to translate because of his limited English or even none.They needed my interpretation to understand the information about each drug received for my grandfather. Unable to elaborate on the physiological effects of particular drugs, however, my explanations were limited to basic side effects and indications: drowsiness or pain relief. Or the reasoning to why the medical procedure is being done to get certain tests results. As an intermediary in my grandfather's health situation, I gained not only an acute awareness of the patient's experience in medical interactio ns but also an appreciation for the nurse's crucial role.Translating for my grandfather, I was vitiated by the passionate nurse's knowledge of skills and explanation of procedures and education, her eagerness to consult with the patient to meet his needs. Beyond patient interactions, I gained insight into nurses' role in communicating with doctors about what the patient want or needs. I began to understand the crucial role of communication in promoting patients' appropriate healing process.My determination to pursue a career In Nursing remains strong, As a volunteer at Asia Healthcare Center In Oakland, I regularly Interact with low-income minority tenets experiencing challenges similar to my grandfather's: limited education, financial need, language barriers. I play an important role in addressing patients' clinical needs through direct interactions with them: I build rapport with patients, enabling them to trust the nurses and discuss personal issues.The nurse plays a crucial role In determining whether a patient Is able to follow through with a prescribed treatment through careful consideration of an Individuals personal circumstances and the feasibility of treatment. Lingering at Aslant Healthcare provides me fuller appreciation for the compassionate, professional communication required for effectiveness as a nurse. My commitment to developing communication skills and my passion for being a nurse has evolved through my involvement in the Oakland community, which often lacks clinical education.Working with the East Bay Asian Youth Community, an after- school program serving underprivileged students, strengthened my Interest In working closely with youth. I maintained a classroom of 10-15 teenage students, providing support in and outside of the classroom. Besides teaching basic math, I provided weekly lessons about drugs such as Ethylene to help the students understand their physiological effects. Despite the challenge of teaching these students, I realized the value of my contribution when a high school student In my class said, â€Å"l really appreciate your lesson about drugs.If not for you, I could not This experience gratified me and strengthened my resolve to pursue Nursing. As a Nurse, I desire to continue my development as a skilled, culturally competent, compassionate professional. I place a high priority on understanding the effect of patients' personal circumstances on their ability to follow a prescribed treatment and facilitating their understanding the necessity of such treatments. In the long term, as role model to my family and as leader to the community, I want to help minorities, especially Asian immigrants, by educating them and providing effective, appropriate service to meet their needs.

Doctor in the house Essay

Under our study the passage of the story ‘Doctor in the house’ written by a famous British writer and an assistant editor of the British Medical Journal of the 20 th century Richard Gordon who worked also as a ship’s surgeon, but left his medical practice in 1952. The story ‘Doctor in the house’ is one of Gordon’s twelve ‘Doctor’ books and is noted for witty description of a medical student’s years of professional training. ‘Doctor in the house’ is not really intriguing title for the story, but, perhaps, this simplicity makes this story so attractive for an experienced reader, who is able after looking through passages to find extremely interesting phrases, word combinations, unusual style of writing and etc. Speaking about the style of the story we can say that it is autobiography. The plot of the passage is build round ‘an unpleasant inevitability’, we mean the final examination of medical students. At the beginning we dive in the meaning of the final examination in medical universities. Here we meet the main character who is the young author at the same time. Trying to pass his exams the author managed to pass his true emotions and feelings before, during and after exams. What is more, Gordon gives us a brilliant systematic structure of the social types of people using a little bit irony. Well, when young Richard knew his results, the whole world stood still round him and everything was calm. We see so-called ‘Happy End’ of the passage. In my opinion, in these pages we see a conflict which can be described as the conflict between man and fate. The person who saw many examples during the examinations different styles of behavior, and he was getting nervous about failing his chance. Even his friends told him that ‘One doesn’t fail exams. One comes down, one muffs, one is ploughed, plucked or pipped. These infer a misfortune that is not one’s own fault. To speak of failing is bad taste. It’s the same idea as talking about passing away and going above instead of plain dying. ‘ The general atmosphere of the extract is ironic. We can see it from the first sentence of the passage in a phrase ‘ an unpleasant inevitability to be faced sooner or later’. During the text we see a lot of examples of the irony such as the description of the visiters in the waiting-room, the process of passing exam in Cambridge and some others. This stylistic device was used by Gordon to make his story lighter and funnier for the reader and, perhaps, future and still students of the medical examinations, and maybe not only for them but for all students who prepare themselves to any exam. May be in such case Richard Gordon wanted to attract our attention to the fact that we should enjoy with the process of studying and getting edication, and even exams which are very remarkable event for us every session&&&. Defining the style of the abstract we can say that it is bright example of science fiction. Observing the author’s vocabulary I can say it is very simple. The vocabulary is full of colloquial words, but at the same time he used special terms, in my opinion it is used to show that as the narrator is medical student, of course, he knew the medicine terms. What makes the author’s language interesting there is a great number of epithets ( an unpleasant inevitability, fragrant cheating, frustrated brilliance, imminent thunderstorm and others), simily ( exam like death, porters were like the policemen that flank the dock at the Old Bailey, candidate will come to the end of his interrogation struggling like a cow in a bog), metaphors ( feeling if I had just finished an eight-round fight, Speaking about syntax I can say that it is quite varied from very simple sentences which are refer to very difficult sentences which transfer all features of oral communication (‘I started off confidentially, reeling out the lines of treatment and feeling much better’). To sum up I want to say that I really like this story because a lot of ideas to think. The lesson from this passage is that you can get everything if you try hard, and you should always believe in good, but to be prepared to the worst, as Russsian proverb said.

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Philosophy Gung If Panda tells the story about Pop, who was chosen as the dragon warrior by the wise old turtle, Master Agway, to defeat the enemies and save China from evil. Unfortunately, Pop was an unlikely character for he was fat and clumsy. He thinks he is not strong enough for the Job as much as others think of him the same way. But as the movie keeps going, Pop decided to finally strip off his fears and insecurities.He learned that inner peace is what he need to realize that life is not about who we are, UT who can we can be. I also eventually found the passion and courage on Pop. He was always optimistic and brave to conquer any difficult problems. And I like the way he did when he faced the tough training from Master Shift, because he used his ability â€Å"eating†, to transform and be better warrior. His unsophisticated mind made complicated things more simple and easy.From this predicable plot, we can find one very important lesson in life, especially for us teens who hold the future: Trust ourselves. No one can ever tell you that you can't, especially when you know with all your heart that you are on the right path. One must not give up and continue to believe to achieve dreams so that you would not regret. Achieving Inner peace Is also achieving inner strength. Gung If Panda also teaches the shy ones who lack confidence in their abilities and capacities. The movie tells that falling Is not the basis to continue dreaming and aiming.One must not be afraid to fall, because failure and stake helps an Individual to be better and stronger and will motivate you to keep trying. Life may not be perfect and we may have Insecurities or a traumatic childhood. We may not be the best of the world and not have everything that we want. But it shouldn't stop us from reaching our full potential. Gung If Panda shows that we Just have to look deep within ourselves and find Inner peace, so we can choose where we want to be. Skids By Deanne Unfortunately, Pop wa s an unlikely character for he was fat and clumsy.He thinks he is believe to achieve dreams so that you would not regret. Achieving inner peace is also confidence in their abilities and capacities. The movie tells that failing is not the basis to continue dreaming and aiming. One must not be afraid to fail, because failure and mistake helps an individual to be better and stronger and will motivate you to keep trying. Life may not be perfect and we may have insecurities or a traumatic that we Just have to look deep within ourselves and find inner peace, so we can

Crito Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crito Questions - Essay Example He also feel that it would be a shameful thing for Socrates to be publicly executed because he is no criminal. His other premise is that it is Socrates right to escape, in fact his duty since he has clearly been unjustly accused and imprisoned. Ans 2)Socrates had been imprisoned by the very people whom he was trying to help and educate. Although Socrates never believed that he was wise(one of his most famous quotes reflects this modesty) he had a method of cross questioning which became very famous because it destroyed the arguments that men gave in response to the questions he put to them. Although Socrates became very popular amongst a very powerful segment of Athenian society his tendency to question every thing including Athenian democracy won him the displeasure of many at the helm. According to an article written by Megan Worley three figures were specifically important in bringing the charges against Socrates, these were Anytus, Meletus, and Lycon. Ans 3) Winston Churchill was head of state for Great Britain at a very painful time in Europe’s history and he had to make a series of tough decisions. He is known for his inspirational leadership, and courageous decision making. I am of the opinion that both these men valued truth, dignity, awareness and justice, however Winston Churchill’s position as leader puts him in a decision where perhaps safety and victory for Britain is more important than truth and dignity. Although Socrates has developed a powerful following in Athens he does not have any nor does he apparently seek any political power. He does not feel responsible for leading Athens and this in a way leaves him free to make what he believes to be the morally right decision something that perhaps Winston Churchill did not have. Logos-‘Then, my friend, we must not regard what the many say of us: but what he, the one man who has

Conditions Endured by the French Working Classes Essay

Conditions Endured by the French Working Classes - Essay Example Related to the plight of the French working class throughout time, from Sands fictional portrayal of the life of the working class person to the concept of the Paris Commune of 1871 as espoused by Bakunin, and the account of the Paris Workers’ Revolution as given by Marx. Each has a different perception, and likely none contributed to garnering tremendous sympathy for the very French individuals they were designed to invoke as such. The Paris Commune is predicated on the premise that the Church and the State are primarily responsible for the plight of the working class in French. As such, they should be abolished, as a society would be better off without these institutions. Take from the perspective of an Anarchist, Bakunin makes the effective argument that government exists for the elite and, apart from its complete abolition, the French people would continue to suffer under a sort of tyrannical rule. Sands’ notion of the Black City is reflective of this reality as well, as she paints a picture of French society as being largely reprehensible towards the common man. At the same time, the working class seems to have a misplaced ambition that precludes them advancing in society, held back by Marxist teaching and tendencies1. Her ambition was to support the poor and working class, and she used much of her writings to support this important objective. The Black City itself was a precursor to the newspaper that she started shortly after the 1848 Revolution. Through this fictional account, Sands presented the reality that the French Working Class have no escape from the life that they find themselves in. They have become complacent and accepting of this fact, lending to the reality that a true worker’s revolution would be the only way out of the strife and difficult that the church and state had placed them in.

Bloody System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bloody System - Essay Example As for the collection of the samples themselves, according to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, "starting in 1985, the American Red Cross and Food and Drug Administration policies prohibit accepting blood donations from gay/bisexual men, specifically from any "male who has had sex with another male since 1977, even once,"[5] or from IV drug users or recent immigrants from certain nations with high rates of HIV infection," ("Donation" p.1). This type of screening was found to be imperative in the quest of ensuring that the samples which were collected were not at any risk of contamination. Other disease typically checked for in the US screenings would be Hepatitis B, the antibody to Hepatitis C "anti-HCV" as well as the Nucleic Acid testing for HCV "anti-HCV" ("Donation p.1). The most notable difference when it comes to US and UK donation policy would be the manner in which how often individuals are allowed to donate their blood.

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example The qualitative approach will include the use of observations and focus of multinational corporations. The quantitative approach will involve the use journals, magazines, and online stuff from different websites. The marketing plan will further elaborate few key issues like will Windows 7 is able to conquer the market share from existing operating systems like XP, Vista, and Mac? What will be the strategic issues that may arise from the application of technology by other competitors? What marketing strategy must be adopted by Microsoft to release its new operating system in successful manner? Microsoft is a US based multinational and world’s largest organization in computer and software industries with its areas of operations in each and every country of the world. The organization is headquartered at Redmond, Washington and was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on 4th April, 1975. Microsoft has earned a high level trusted reputation by conducting its business worldwide with integrity, innovation, and respect. The company has delivered hundreds of different software related brands at global scale. It also manufactures, licenses, and offers a wide range of products which are related to computer field. The company has $73.72 billion dollars revenue by the end of 2012 while its total assets are more than $121 billion dollars. More than 94,000 employees are working under Microsoft at global level (Microsoft Corporation Financial Statements, 2011). Microsoft has promoted a culture of progression and innovation. The company has invested a huge amount of money in its operating system sector to gain competitive advantage on product innovation. Millions of people across the globe today enjoy a wide range of operating systems offered by Microsoft in all segments of retail from operating systems of XP and Vista to other software and hardware tools. The most successful products that Microsoft has offered are its

Classroom Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classroom Management - Essay Example This essay explores the classroom management field that demonstrates the progression of ensuring that teaching and impartation of knowledge is undisturbed by undesired students who through disruptive behavior can cause disturbance while a class is in session. The researcher states that application of management in a classroom at times can prove to be intricate while trying to teach and experiencing such crisis can cause teachers to depart. The reason behind for the departure of teachers from the teaching field is caused by the attitudes and discipline of the negative students. Classroom management can be based on motivation, discipline and respect. Every academic year witnesses the adoption of various rules and systems but unfortunately by the middle of the term most often these rules are broken. The researcher suggests that in order to understand as to how to implement CM one needs to understand the mentality of every student. Various approaches of classroom management, such as the self discipline approach wherein the student can be trusted to investigate and change their behavioral pattern. The Desist approach that was also presented in the essay proclaims that the teacher has full responsibility in controlling the classroom. In conclusion, the researcher states that the most important aspect is to construct a positive relationship between the teacher and student thereby creating a constructive educational atmosphere and sums up that every student should develop a sense of trust, sovereignty and inventiveness.

Police corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Police corruption - Essay Example Politicians may interfere with normal functioning of the police by initiating corrupt practices. Politicians can induce police to allow, ban, or break public demonstrations with violence for political stripe. They may oversee a range of laws and regulations by fixing permits and citations that intimidate others in favor of a politician (Barker, 2011). Police corruption carries high cost as it detracts the public faith from the police and derails the public image of the law enforcement duty. It protects criminal activity like drug dealing and prostitution, which have an effect on the general welfare of any country. The protected criminal activities are more often than not lucrative sources that will translate to organized criminal acts. Police corruption is the work of the few dishonest and immoral police officers who put their interest first other than serving the nation. Many police corrupt acts have currently concentrated on an organized structure. Unenforceable laws governing the moral standards promote corruption they provide criminal organizations with a financial interest that undermine the law enforcement (Villiers and Adam, 2003). Police corruption analysis conjures many images and stereotypes in the professional context. Police corruption is a universal challenge to any nation-building as it wastes resources, undermines security, makes a mockery of the constitutional justice, slows down economic development, and alienates populations from their governments.

Geography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Geography - Research Paper Example Japan consists of about 70% forests and mountainous regions that are not arable, and thus not suitable for agricultural businesses and industries as well as for housing. Consequently, the majority reside in the coastal areas, having exceedingly high population densities. Additionally, Japan’s climate is varied with rich biodiversity of animals and plants. Japan is a constitutional monarchy, headed by a prime minister, the central power and an emperor, with limited authority. Currently, the Japanese emperor is Akihito and the prime minister, Naoto Kan. The government systems show a major influence from the Chinese. They also sustain among the largest budgets for the military of any country globally. Japan has one of the most urbanized cities in the world. The largest are Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka. The people are racially homogenous, with very little foreigners. The main religion practiced is Buddhism and Shintoism. Japanese culture is very rich, including woodblock printing, paintings, manga which is famous today. It also includes musical practices including karaoke. Japanese cuisine is highly regarded around the world. Some of its famous dishes include maki, Japanese rice, sushi and sashimi. Sumo, karate, judo and kendo are the most popular Japanese sports today. The Meiji restoration era, which restored the imperial reign in the year 1868, marked the beginning of Japan’s development and advancement. It was in this time that most of today’s leading Japanese industries were established and created. A massive acceleration in the manufacturing of goods and products and the erection of infrastructure occurred as a result. It has one of the most urban and industrialized cities. Increasingly rising in its power, wealth, development and eminence worldwide, Japan is becoming more and more urbanized and advanced, especially in the fields of technology and in making electronics, gaming,

Cryptography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cryptography - Essay Example My organisation is not an exception to this rule and conversations with the IT department head affirmed the use of cryptographic technologies, even as it established that they were hardly a foolproof defence against unauthorised access. Cryptography is used for the protection of all data stored on the organisation's networks and servers. As explained by Juels (2003) cryptography involves the encryption of data or their rendition into secret, indecipherable code, for the explicit prevention of their interpretation and use if they are accessed without the proper authorization. Not only is it integral for the protection of company-related data but, within the context of e-business and e-commerce, imperative for the concealment of information relating to customer payment transactions and credit card details. The purpose of encryption, as defined in the preceding paragraph, is the protection of data as it is transmitted across networks. As Oliva et al. (2004) explain, when data is being transmitted across networks, it runs the risk of being intercepted or captured by a third party. If it is encrypted, however, not only is the risk of interception substantially reduced but, more importantly, if intercepted, the deciphering of the data in question is extremely difficult. In other words, if data transmitted over networks is intercepted, the fact that it is encrypted protects it both against tampering and modification, and its subsequent exploitation by the interceptor. Accordingly, and as Matsuura (2006) confirms, the imperatives of exploiting data encryption techniques are inarguable and that any organisation which fails to do so is, to all intents and purposes, acting both irresponsibly and carelessly. The IT department director confirmed the use of data encryption technologies. As he noted, whether as regards data stored on the organisation's networks or those transmitted across networks, all are encrypted. The decryption of data was initially enabled through passwords but, a number of incidents proved this an unreliable decryption method. As the IT director noted, while many security systems are designed in such a way that the entire security of the website depends upon secret passwords, the fact is that the password system is riddled with shortcomings. The first deficiency the password system has is that it requires precise recollection of secret information. If the user makes the smallest of errors when entering that secret information, authentication fails. Unfortunately, however, precise recall is not a strong human characteristic and this fact immediately conflicts with the requirements of password-secured systems. As a means of bypassing this limitation, people tend to pick and use very simple passwords which can easily be broken by password cracker programmes. Even when people bear in mind the dangers that such programs pose to the security of their passwords, they make the popular mistake of writing their passwords down and hiding them in an easily locatable place by their computer. Those sites which force users to periodically change their passwords for added security have not succeeded in resolving these problems but, rather, increased the need of people to write down their passwords. Additionally, as the number of

Aspiring Education Essay Example for Free

Aspiring Education Essay Education is a must on every people’s lives, a requirement for a person to be successful in life. We can all remember how our parents scold as, as we disobeyed on what they are telling us to do. My parents inspire me about education. Both of them finished high school and graduated in college; my father graduate with a Master’s Degree while my mother has a Bachelor’s Degree. They struggled so hard to be successful, so my siblings and I will have a healthier life, a better house, family and a brighter education. In this quote Chanakya said, â€Å"Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.† Chanakya interprets that it is the most powerful and the best treasure in all things that you will achieve in life. Education is intensely vital; it can strongly provide one with priceless life opportunities, ultimately save one from a life of agony, and powerfully free those who are understated. In â€Å"Straw into Gold,† Sandra Cisneros emphasizes sharply that education opens doors, gives one perspective, and provides one with valuable life opportunities. For instance, she openly explains, â€Å"I had the same sick feeling when I was required to write my critical essay for the MFA exam – the only piece of noncreative writing necessary in order to get my graduate degree.† Sandra conveys the idea that she still continue to pursue her education even though she knows that she can fail anytime. The author suggests that you have to keep going even though you know that you will fail. Further, she later explains, â€Å"Along the way there has been straw for the taking. With a little imagination, it can be spun into gold.† Sandra articulates the idea that we can create a better person in ourselves if we allow education to permit to take a hold of us. The author suggests that even with a little imagination you can achieve your dream. Therefore, in her narr ative, Cisneros ultimately reveals that we just need to turn our dreams  into reality. In â€Å"Learning to Read and Write,† Frederick Douglass emphasizes that education is the key to freedom. For example, he explains, â€Å"Under its influences, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to a tiger-like fierceness.† Douglass conveys the idea that his once gentle mistress transformed into a cruel woman who did not want him to get educated. The author suggests that his mistress became gullible to the ignorant ideas about slavery. Further, he later explains, â€Å"The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness.† Douglass implies the idea that he found a new hope of freedom to slavery that makes his soul to eternal wakefulness. The author suggests that if he has the determination and work-hard he will become a free person and not a slave. Thus, in his slave narrative, Douglass ultimately reinforces the concept that only education will provide one with liberty and self-determination. In â€Å"Superman and Me,† Sherman Alexie emphasizes that education can save one’s life. For example, he explains, â€Å"We were poor by most standards, but one of my parents usually managed to find some minimum wage job or another, which made us middle class by reservation standards. I had a brother and three sisters. We lived on a combination of irregular paychecks, hope, fear, and government surplus food.† Alexie express the idea that they’re living in poverty and they survived because of his parent’s minimum wage job. The author suggests that they still persist to live on a world of hope, fear, irregular paychecks, and government surplus food. Further, Alexie interprets, â€Å"I am smart. I am arrogant. I am lucky. I am trying to save our lives.† Alexie conveys the idea that he struggled, studied hard, and stood up just to save the other Indians and escape from the reservation. The author suggests that if you study hard you can get out, f rom the reservation, and be a free Indian. Thus, in his narrative, Alexie ultimately reinforces the concept that only education will provide one with valuable life opportunities. The three authors showed the different essential sides of education. Education is intensely vital; it can robustly provide one with  opportunities, ultimately save one from a life of misery, and mightily free those who are discreet. In this quote, Carl Rogers said, â€Å"The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn.† Carl conveys that if you know how to listen, speak, read, and learned how to learn it means that you are an educated person. He also interprets that you will not be educated if you don’t know how to learn. Therefore, we should take advantage of education while it last.

Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana

Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana IMPACT OF JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA ON INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY AND INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN KARANATAKA Mamatha K.G Abstract The Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) mainly to strengthen health services in the rural areas. It seeks to provide effective health care to the rural population by improving access, enabling community ownership, strengthening public health systems, enhancing accountability and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2005). Under the NRHM, there is a specific scheme, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objective of JSY scheme is reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by encouraging institutional deliveries, particularly in Below Poverty Line families. The paper intends to study the impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on institutional delivery and Infant Mortality rate. The results show that before implementation of JSY the rate of institutional delivery was less and IMR was high. But after the implementation of JSY the number of institutional deliveries ha s increased and infant mortality rate has reduced significantly. Finally, it can be concluded that NRHM launched by Government of India holds great hopes and promises to serve the deprived undeserved communities of rural areas. If Government improves the awareness on Janani Suraksha Yojana then there is no doubt that Karnataka can increase its institutional delivery and reduce infant mortality rate. Keywords: Institutional Delivery, Infant Mortality Rate, Janani Suraksha Yojana and Karnataka. Introduction Every pregnant woman hopes for a healthy baby and an uncomplicated pregnancy. However, every day about 1500 women and adolescent girls die from problem related to pregnancy and childbirth. Every year, some 10 million women and adolescent girls experience complications during pregnancy, many of which leave them their children with infections and several disabilities (G.R Jayashree). Pregnant women die in India due to a combination of important factors like, poverty, ineffective or unaffordable health services, lack of political, managerial and administrative will. All this culminates in a high proportion of home deliveries by unskilled relatives and delays in seeking care and this in turn adds to the maternal mortality ratios. The institutional delivery plays major role in reducing MMR and IMR. In India, while 77 percent of pregnant women receive some form of antenatal check-up, only 41 percent deliver in an institution. Even though all services are free only 13 percent of the lowest income quintile delivers in a hospital. As per sample registration system 2005, IMR in India was 58 and institutional delivery was 38.7 whereas in Karnataka IMR was 50 per 1000 live births and institutional delivery was 60 (SRS 2001-2003 and NRHM Implementation Plan 2011-12). In developing countries like India, the health care services are not equally distributed. The organizational structure requires a concern particularly with the maternal health. The Government of India has been implementing various programmes from time to time to tackle these issues. It launched the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme in 1997, which aimed at universalising immunization, ante-natal care and skilled attendance during delivery. Reduction of maternal mortality was an important goal of RCH-II that was launched in 2005. One of the main interventions was to provide emergency obstetric care at the first referral unit. Incentives were also given to staff to encourage round the clock obstetric services at health facilities (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2008). Later in 2005, the Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) mainly to strengthen health services in the rural areas. It seeks to provide effective health care to the rural population by improving access, enabling community ownership, strengthening public health systems, enhancing accountability and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare, 2005). Under the NRHM, there is a specific scheme the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objectives of JSY scheme were reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by encouraging institutional deliveries, particularly in Below Poverty Line families. Under this scheme cash incentives are given to women who opt for institutional deliveries and also to the local health functionary ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists) who motivates the family for institutional delivery and helps them in obtaining ante-natal and post-natal services. As of today, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a largest conditional cash transfer programme in the world, with the number of beneficiaries increasing from a mere 7 lakh in 2005-06 to almost 92 lakh in 2009-10. Review of Literature â€Å"A Rapid Appraisal on Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in South Orissa† undertaken by Nandan (2008) reviewed the operational mechanism and usage status of JSY Scheme, reasons for non usage, perception and awareness of beneficiary and non beneficiary mothers and the involvement of ASHAs, ANMs along with district and block officers in the implementation of JSY. The study on â€Å"Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner District† by Kumari(2009) revealed that some essential advantages perceived by the beneficiaries of JSY were safe delivery at PHCs and CHCs, helpful in population control, payment of Rs. 1400 to the mother (in rural areas) after delivery, full protection after delivery etc. Whereas, last but not least advantages expressed by the beneficiaries were testing of salt sample for protection from Gulgund, availability of water, bed and electricity etc. at PHCs. The study on† Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh† by Khan et.al (2010) informs that Janani SurakshaYojana is a monetary incentives and non-incentivized services and counseling by the ASHA have increased Client-provider contact, the percentage of women receiving three ANC check-ups. This study briefly explores extent to which the JSY has succeeded in achieving its goal or promoting positive family health behaviors that have a significant bearing on maternal and neonatal mortality. Ambrish (2010) in his study â€Å"Effect of Mortality Incentives on Institutional Deliveries: Evidence the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India† observed that the scheme has been in operation only for 5 years and the sample covers only the first three of these years. Hence, the paper captures only the short-run impact of the scheme. The short-term result indicates the JSY is indeed making a difference. Even though the JSY seems to have a positive impact on the institutional deliveries, its impact on maternal and neo-natal mortality is minimum. Mutharayappa (2010) revealed that institutional deliveries have increased, along with knowledge of family planning methods and utilization of government health services. These are encouraging sign. Promoting of institutional deliveries need to be sustained in order to reduce pre natal and neo- natal mortality rates. The study on† Missed Opportunities of Janani Suraksha Yojana Benefits among the Beneficiaries in Slum Areas† by Wadgave et.al (2011) mainly focused on main reasons of missed opportunities of JSY benefits among the beneficiaries. Out of 3212 women 360 (11.20) were eligible for getting the benefits of Janani Suraksha Yojana. Among the 360 only 118 (32.78) women got the benefit of JSY while, 242 (62.22) missed the opportunity of getting JSY benefits due to lack of JSY information, difficulty in getting the documents fulfilled and not filling the form at proper time were three common reasons in not getting the benefit of JSY. The percentage of beneficiaries was more in receiving ANC care delivery done in Government hospitals. Dilip et.al (2012) in their study â€Å"Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of West Bengal in 2009† reported that inadequacy of fund and delayed payments of financial benefits lead to low coverage of JSY. Institutional delivery has increased with decreasing in Infant Mortality Rate after implementation of JSY. Objectives of the Study The present study has the following objectives: To Study the impact of JSY on institutional delivery rate in Karnataka. To Study the impact of JSY on infant mortality rate in Karnataka. Hypotheses of the Study The following hypotheses have been tested Janani Suraksha Yojana has significantly increased the number of institutional deliveries and reduced the infant mortality rate in Karnataka. There is significant relationship between Institutional deliveries and IMR rate in Karnataka. Methodology Keeping the objectives in the mind, the present study employs various statistical and econometrics tools like table, graph, Paired t test and Correlation co-efficient. Sources of data The secondary data is collected from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Statistical Report, RCH Second Implementation Plan, NRHM Operational Guideline, NRHM Annual Reports, Karnataka State Report on NRHM 2005, Karnataka Human Development Reports 2005, SRS Bulletin, WHO Reports, Five Year Plan Documents, Word Bank Reports and Census Reports. Results and Discussion Table.1: Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010 NRHM Programme Implementation Plan for 2010-2011 Vidhana Soudha http://stg2.kar.nic.in/healthnew/nrhm/PDF/PIP 2010-11.pdf Chart.1: Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010 From the table and chart [Table.1 Chart 1], it is clear that Institutional Delivery Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2010. Before implementation of JSY, institutional delivery rate was 60 percent in 2005 but after implementation of JSY which increased 63 percent to 91.3 percent in 2006 to 2010. Table.2: Paired Sample T Test on Institutional Delivery Rate in Karnataka On the basis of analysis conducted by using paired sample T test, there is a significant difference in the number of institutional deliveries. Further, it pointed out that after implementation of JSY scheme a significant increase was observed in institutional delivery rate in Karnataka. Table.3: Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012 Source: SRS Bultain 2012 and Databook for DCH; 10th March, 2014 IMR (*2011, 2012) Chart.2: Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012 From the table and chart [Table.3 chart.2], it is clear that Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2012. The infant mortality rate of Karnataka was 58 per 1000 live birth as per the censuses in 2001, out of which 69 percent were rural areas and 27 percent were urban areas. Keeping pace with the national average, Karnataka recorded a sharp decline in the infant mortality rate from 50 percent in 2005 to 32 percent in 2012. It means before implementation of JSY infant mortality rate was high and after implementation of JSY infant mortality rate has declined significantly. Table .4: Paired Sample T Test on Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka On the basis of analysis conducted by using paired sample T test, it indicates that the IMR rate was 52.80 before implementation of JSY and it has decreased to 43.80 percent after implementation of JSY. Overall, the decreased rate of IMR was 9.00. The t statistic is significant at 1% (df: 5, t: 10.06, sig.0.001) level. Hence the null-hypothesis of no difference is rejected and alternative hypothesis of significant difference is accepted. Table.5: Correlation between Institutional Delivers and IMR Significant negative correlation has observed between Institutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. Where the correlation of -.971 was found to be significant at .001 level. In other words with an increase in the Institutional Delivery the IMR rates have been reduced. Findings of the Study Before implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana institutional delivery rate was less and IMR rate was high. After implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana has helped to increase the rate of institutional delivery and reduce the rate of infant mortality significantly. Significant negative correlation has observed between Institutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. In other words with an increase in the Institutional Delivery and the IMR rates have been reduced. Conclusion The result of the formative study clearly indicates that Janani Suraksha Yojana has increased the institutional deliveries in India and Karnataka. It found that institutional deliveries have increased and IMR has been reduced after implementation of JSY. Does, it can be conclude that if the implementation process is strengthened, quality improved and programme is effectively monitored, the institutional deliveries will increases in future their by helps in reducing the IMR rate. Further it will helps to full fill the commitment made towards IMR under Millen Development Goals. References Ambrish Dongre, (2010 â€Å"Effect of Mortality Incentives on Institutional Deliveries: Evidence the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India†, SSRN Publication, 1-27, New Delhi. Basic Indicators: Health Situation in South East Asia. World Health Organization, South East Asia region, Community journal 2004; 56-2-3. Dilip K Mandal,Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj u Murhekar, (2012) â€Å"Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of West Bengal in 2009†, Biomed Central the Open Access Publisher. Khan.M.E. Ashok kumar. Health Status of Women in India; Evidence from National Health Survey.2010 August; vol 6:1-21. Khan M.E, Avishek Hazra, and Isha bhatnagar, (2010)† Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh†, Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 56, New Delhi, 9-21. Kumari Vinod, Dhawan Deepali Singh, Archana Raj, (2009) â€Å"Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner District†, Journal of Dairying food and Home Scinces,Vol,28 issues 3and 4. Mutharayappa, R., 2010, Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in Hassan District Karnataka. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 71(2):167-180. Nandan Devadasan, Maya Annie Elias, Denny Jhon Shishir Grahacharya and Lalnuntlangi Ralte, (2008), â€Å"A Conditional Cash Assistant Programme for Promoting Institutional deliveries among the Poor in India: Process Evaluation Results,† International Journal of Commerce, Economics and Management, Vol. No.2. Nandan (2008),â€Å"A Rapid Appraisal on Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in South Orissa,† Indian journal of Community Medicine, Oct-Dec 35(4), 453-454. Operational Guidelines for Implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana. Parul Sharma, Jayanti Seemwal, Surekha Kishore, (2011) â€Å"A Comparative Study of Utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojana in Rural Areas and Urban Slums†, Indian journal of community Health, Vol.22, No.2, vol.23, No1. Wadgave Hanmath Vishwanath, Gajanan M JettiUpendra, Tannu (2011) â€Å"Missed Opportunities of Janani Suraksha Yojana Benefit among the Beneficiaries in Slum Areas†, National journal of Community Medicine, Vol, 2 and Issues1.

Geography Overview of the Maldives

Geography Overview of the Maldives Abstract This paper reviews the Maldives and the political, economic, topographical, and historical geography of the nation and its people. After a brief overview of basic facts, the paper will shift focus to more specific areas. First, a look at the topographical geography of the nation, reviewing formation and size of atolls, as well as climate, flora, and fauna. Historical geography, political geography, and economic geography will be followed by a conclusion of the current state of the Maldives and possible future outcomes of the nation based on political and climate changes. Maldives The Republic of Maldives is a South Asian country comprised of atolls located in the Indian Ocean. It is an isolated archipelago that is one of the smallest and poorest countries in the entire world. The United Nations estimated that the population of Maldives to be approximately 294,000 people (Metz, 1995). The Maldivian capital of Male holds about a quarter of the total population. Officially, Divehi is the language of Maldives. Divehi is spoken similarly to the old Ceylon language. Arabic and Urdu have influenced the language, and Maldivians write in Thaana. Most government officials speak English, but only a small percentage of Maldivians speak anything other than Divehi. Ethnic groups consist of a combination of Sinhalese, Arabic, Dravidian, Australasian, and African assemblages (Metz, 1995). Topographical Geography The Republic of Maldives is the smallest country in Asia. An archipelago located in the Indian Ocean, Maldives consists of nearly 1,200 coral islands assembled in a dual chain of 27 atolls. These atolls sit upon a ridge jutting up from the Indian Ocean in a north-to-south expanse of 596.5 miles (Brown, Turner, Hameed, Bateman, 1997). Many atolls are made of circular coral reefs which support small islands within. Each island spans about a mile, and are less than a mile above sea level. Maldives is the worlds lowest country, with an average ground-level elevation of only 4 feet 11 inches above sea level. The highest point in the Maldives is also the lowest in the world, coming in at 7 feet 10 inches (Metz, 1995). No single island is longer than 5 miles or wider than 18 miles. Each atoll has about five to ten islands that are populated, and twenty to sixty which are unpopulated. Many atolls consist of a main remote island enclosed by a steep coral beach (Metz, 1995). The Maldives archipelago is situated upon the Chagos-Maldives-Laccadive Ridge, which is an immense underwater mountain range. This particular geographical set up forms a unique terrestrial ecoregion, but leaves the nation susceptible to natural disasters due to rising sea levels. For example, the tsunami of 2004 killed more than 100 Maldivians and displaced more than 12,000 (BBC News, 2014). Other environmental issues plague the Maldives, leading to a diminishing supply of freshwater and poor sewage treatment (Brown et al, 1997). Approximately 200 of these atolls are inhabited by local Maldivians, and 87 of the islands have been converted into lavish resorts for travelers and tourists. The lush groves of breadfruit and coconut trees, the sandy beaches and beautiful corals visible through crystal clear waters combined to attract nearly a million and a half tourists to Maldives in 2015 (Naish, 2016). Historical and Political Geography Early Maldivian history is shrouded in mystery. No archeological remains have been found of early settlers. The earliest identified settlers were probably from southern India followed by migrants from Sri Lanka. Arab sailors came from east Africa and other countries, and todays ethnicity reflects a blend of these cultures (Metz, 1995). Many researchers believe the earliest settlers to be of Aryan descent, coming from India and Sri Lanka in the 5th century BC. Maldivians are believed to have practiced Hinduism, then Buddhism until 1153 AD. The sitting king of Maldives was converted to Islam in the 12th century (Metz, 1995). Maldivian history reflects the Islamic concept that before Islam, ignorance reigned, although the Maldivian culture reflects much of the customs and mannerisms from when Buddhism was prominent in the area. Since that initial Islamic conversion, the recording of history in Maldives was much more consistent (MaldiveIsle, 2010). After Islamic conversion, the Maldivian government was considered a monarchy ruled by sovereign sultans, and intermittent Sultanas or queens (MaldiveIsle, 2010). Trade wars with the Portuguese during the 16th century lead to Portuguese seizure of Male in 1558. In 1573, resistance leader Muhmmad Thakurufanu defeated the Portuguese invaders and ruled Maldives until 1752. At this time, Malabari pirates overthrew the Sultan, Ali 6th, and stationed army troops in the capitol. Maldivian leader Muleege Hassan Maniku regained control of the throne (MaldiveIsle, 2010). Political instability led Maldives to enter into a protectorate with the British in 1887, wherein Maldives gained protection from foreign antagonism, in exchange agreeing not to join forces with any other foreign authority (MaldiveIsle, 2010). Although researchers disagree whether or not Maldives was definitely independent of British power, for the most part Maldivians enjoyed independence from foreign rulers. The Maldivian constitution was formed in 1932, with overtones of Islamic Sharia law, and the sultanate becoming an elected position (MaldiveIsle, 2010). However, the public disagreed, physically tearing the Constitution to pieces and dethroning the Sultan in 1934 for overstepping his bounds. A new Constitution was written in 1937. Nine years later, the British agreement was renewed. The Maldives changed from a monarchy to a Republic within the British Commonwealth in 1953, and the position of sultanate was eliminated. Mohammed Amin Didi was the first elected President of Maldives, but his victory was cut short after being overthrown due to food scarcities and his tobacco ban. The Sultanate once again ruled Maldives until 1968, with famine caused by World War Two lingering into the 1950s. Mohammed Fareedh was the last Sultan of the Maldives, having been ousted after the Republic was reinstated and Ibrahim Nasir became President in 1968 (BBC News, 2016). Nasir retired in 1978, and was succeeded by Abd al-Gayoom. Maldives rejoined the Commonwealth in 1982, after the tourist industry led to expanded economic growth (BBC News, 2016). Gayoom was reelected repeatedly until 2008, when opposition leader Mohamed Nasheed became President. Nasheed resigned in 2012 after demonstrations and mutiny by the police force, and Vice-President Mohamed Waheed rose to the Presidency. Political unrest in Maldives continued after the 2013 election of Gayooms half-brother, Abdulla Yameen. However, opposition leader and former President Nasheed was arrested on terrorism charges in 2015, prompting speculation from international governments about political unrest in Maldives (BBC News, 2016). Nasheed was sentenced to 13 years for his terrorism case, but was granted leave in January 2016 to travel to Britain for back surgery. In April, the Maldivian government ordered Nasheed to return; however, Nasheed was granted refugee status in Britain, where he remains to this day (BBC News, 2016). Abdulla Yameen remains the Maldivian President, and in October 2016 the Maldives announced its departure from the Commonwealth (BBC News, 2016). Current political atmospheres in Maldives appear to be relatively stable. The political structure remains a Republic with an executive President and a Legislature known as Peoples Majlis. Both positions are selected during elections that take place every five years. Like the United States, Presidents are limited to two terms in office (BBC News, 2016). Economic Geography Once known as The Money Isles, Maldives was the main producer of cowry shells. These Maldivian cowries were used in monetary transactions over most of Asia and much of East Africa, and the cowry is used as the symbol of the Maldives Monetary Authority. Historically, shipping and fishing have been the fixed industries of the nation, not surprising since the Maldives territory is comprised of islands (MaldiveIsle, 2010). Poor soil quality and scarce cultivatable land limit the practice of agriculture. Native fruits and vegetables are used mainly to feed natives, and most other living essentials are imported. Crafting and boatbuilding fuel business workings, and more modern manufacturing and assembly is limited to a fish cannery, a few garment factories, and assorted consumer products. Many Maldivians work in the fishing industry, which employs almost half of the labor force (Brown et al, 1997). With fishing being the main source of employment for Maldivians, a variety of fish is caught and exported for profit. The main types of fish caught and sold are skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, little tuna, and frigate mackerel. Once done by hand with a line and pole, modern fishing vessels have enabled Maldivian fishermen to nearly triple their catch, while refrigeration has allowed for longer storage times which enable fishermen to travel farther out to sea for their catch (MaldiveIsle, 2010). Although there appears to be a shortfall of resources in the Maldives, tourism has grown impressively over the last twenty years. The beauty and tranquility of the water, as well as the native flora and fauna attracts nearly 1.2 million tourists per year. Because of this uptick in tourism, skilled laborers such as construction workers, tile workers, and other craftsmen are experiencing an increase in work (Naish, 2016). Overall, Maldives is a beautiful, lively nation with a vibrant history and interesting culture. From early Dravinian culture to modern-day Islam, Maldives has remained steadfast in its resolve to preserve the atolls that nearly a quarter million people call home. However, despite local government efforts, the increasing damaging effects of climate change and global warming threaten to eliminate this isolated gem from the world map entirely. Only time will tell if efforts to reduce climate change impact can save this wonderful nation. References Brown, K., Turner, R., Hameed, H., Bateman, I. (1997). Environmental carrying capacity and tourism development in the Maldives and Nepal. Environmental Conservation, 24(4), 316-325. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/environmental-conservation/article/div-classtitleenvironmental-carrying-capacity-and-tourism-development-in-the-maldives-and-nepaldiv/DC50C550C6E6403C034B77F3292FAB9F History of Maldives. (2010). In Maldive Isle. Retrieved from http://www.maldiveisle.com/history.htm Maldives Profile- Timeline. (2016). In BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12653969 Metz, H. C. Library Of Congress. Federal Research Division. (1995) Indian Ocean: five island countries. [Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O] [Online Text] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/95016570/. Naish, A. (2016). Tourist arrivals reach 1.2m in 2015. In Maldives Independent. Retrieved from http://maldivesindependent.com/business/tourist-arrivals-reach-1-2m-in-2015-121424

Mac vs IBM :: essays papers

Mac vs IBM Technology has led the world into the 21st century. Competition between two main computer systems, creates controversy over which system is superior. IBM compatables have captured the largest market share, but Apple Macintoshes hold a special place in capabilities. Computer buyers need to keep in mind different capabilities and their own unique requirements when deciding which way to go. Although both provide state of the art computer systems, IBM compatibles and Apple Macintoshes attract their own distinct clients because of their unique operating systems and stand alone buying powers. Adequate performance and mediocre ease of use, bundled in an extremely low cost package, have allowed IBM compatible computers to lead the computer industry in personal computers. To begin with, the average computer generation is about six months, and with every generation IBMs increase their computers^ capacities to appeal more and more to the ^average Joe.^ Memory, normally measured in gigabits, is constantly increasing though most people cannot use as much as is available. One year ago 166 mhz was considered fast. Now 350 mhz is what is being advertised. With the ability to hold more information, graphics have also improved. Megahertz, one type of speed of computers, is increasing at a blinding rate soon surpassing the speed at which a user can operate his computer. In fact, the biggest drawback to IBM compatibles is their complexity. IBMs allow access to useless information that clutters the hard drive while confusing the user. On an IBM, all programs, including Wi! ndows, are DOS based which means one will, at some time, have to use the convoluted system that requires typing rather than point and click. Another problem is that viruses are very common on IBMs especially if connected to the internet. If a computer is contaminated with a virus, even further frustration, time and money may be lost. However, a good element of IBMs is their purchasing abilities. For IBMs there are millions of programs, including games, business tools, and other various varieties. Also, IBM compatibles themselves are relatively inexpensive, and this drives their popularity. A decent, fully equipped machine can be bought for as low as $700. While IBMs appeal to the general public with lower prices, Apple Macintosh has proven to be a better overall product. Unlike IBM marketing claims, which have mislead potential buyers about the superiority of their product by emphasizing their few strengths despite the value; modern Macs can easily outperform commercial IBM computers. Like IBMs the memory on a Mac often exceeds the user requirements. Today^s top of the

How to get a Job in the US :: Resume, Cover Letter

In the United States, it is very difficult to acquire an occupation with so many people struggling and striving to get a position that only one applicant can have. A course of action one may take to place himself above others in the eyes of the employers is to plan and submit an outstanding resume. A resume is a professional approach to provide employers with written evidence of one’s qualifications and skills. Resumes are required for professional, technical, administrative, clerical, sales, secretarial, managerial, and many other jobs (â€Å"Resume Writing† 1). It is essential to have an impressive resume for one to attain a decent job and earn a reasonable salary. There are three critical steps to take, in order to complete a successful resume such as gathering information, creating a cover letter, and creating a resume. The first step in this fulfilling task is gathering the information that will be applied in the cover letter and resume. The main components of information that must be compiled are as the following: past awards, recognitions, honors, job history, clubs, and college or high school transcripts. Another crucial component of information that needs to be acquired are the references. References can be anyone from past teachers to family friends to family doctors. References are important because they are the people that will tell what kind of person one is to the employer. One must gather all the information one wants to insert in his resume. Also one must begin a list of appropriate skills for whatever job he is applying for. Some desirable skills are basic computer skills, communication skills, and organizational skills. After compiling all of this information one is ready to submit the information into the cover letter and or resume. Next one must create a cover letter to showcase his top qualities in a single page (â€Å"Savvy Cover Letter† 1). The cover letter basically summarizes an applicant’s abilities (â€Å"Resume Writer† 1). To create the cover letter one must get a template to show the format of the cover letter, so one can implement his qualifications in it and customize it himself. One can also take a cookie-cutter approach to it and just take the easy way out (â€Å"Savvy Cover Letter† 1). One must keep in mind that he is trying to convince the employer to be interested in him enough to read his resume and eventually call him in for an interview.

Criminal Justice Organizational Trends Paper Essay

The advancement of technology is affecting everyone in their everyday lives whether we want to accept it or not. The criminal justice system is no stranger to this; it has created more work for them and in order for them to keep pace with criminals they have to continue to evolve and stay current with the progress of technology. Technology changes from one day to the next and in order to fight and prevent crime the criminal justice system must stay current with the many changes of technology. Their success in the fight against crime depends on how well they are able to adapt to the changes. The writer will talk about the use of privatization and militarization of the criminal justice organizations as well as different behavior theories and the effect of societal and organizational diversity and the use of the criminal justice motivational theories matrix in this paper. â€Å"Privatization† can be accomplished in a host of ways; in its most basic form, it is the adoption of public functions by private entities or  individuals (Finegan). Privatization has had a heavy effect on the criminal justice system and punishment systems. This is definitely not a new idea; it is in some ways a return to what was done years ago. Before the nineteenth century private groups and individuals handled the majority of criminal justice functions. The privatization of law enforcement services are on the rise, and as a result law enforcement agencies will be in competition with private organizations for law enforcement services (Harvey). It’s time for American police to remember that they are supposed to protect and serve our communities, not wage war on the people who live in them (n.d.). Law enforcement agencies everywhere are spending billions of dollars on military type equipment to use in their everyday policing, acting as if the neighborhoods they serve are warzones. As Ryan Grim said in the Huffington Post in reference to the situation in Ferguson, Missouri, â€Å"Police militarization has been among the most consequential and an unnoticed development of our time and it is now beginning to affect press freedom† (Timm). Radly Balko of the libertarian Cato Institute is highly critical of the way police tactics and swat teams have grown in this country. He believes that swat teams have a place in larger jurisdictions but not so sure about the smaller jurisdictions. Balko is especially critical of the way swat teams are used in an unsuitable fashion when conducting routine police work and where an individual’s civil liberties are often violated and where the swat team mistakenly uses force against innocent people. Diversity within the criminal justice system has both positive and negative effects throughout our communities. There have instances where unethical practices of discrimination, bias, and prejudice have been committed against minorities in our communities. These practices have been performed by prosecutors, law enforcement officers and judges who have been designated with the power by our state and federal governments. United States in the twenty first century is facing multicultural societies; individuals working in the system are characterized with defendants,  society, inmates, victims, political leaders and professionals all originating from diverse cultural orientations (Barlow, 2000). The government believes that cultural diversity in the United States contributes to creative thinking, policy changes, new ideas and looks at laws, procedures, and policies that contribute to inequality and equality. There are some people that support the notion that laws protecting minority group are a direct result of cultural diversity, and these people are inclined to be against such laws. While the advancement in technology might decrease the need for additional police officers, there are other factors that just might cause a different effect. The first change is our overall demographic change, a rise in people of color. This increase unfortunately has also caused the crime rate to increase. Therefore the changes may just cancel one another out and in order to provide adequate service and protection to our communities, the law enforcement agencies will probably need to maintain their current staff levels moving forward. While law enforcement agencies will be held accountable like never before, both for their actions and what happens in their jurisdictions, they need to do more in preparation for the future. They can select, place and train their employees to assure their success through the appropriate jobs, good organizational structure, and an emphasis on strong ethical values. References Barlow, H. D. (2000). Criminal Justice in America. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Finegan, S. (2012, August). Watching the Watchers: The Growing Privatization of Criminal Law Enforcement and the Need for Limits on Neighborhood Watch Associations. ORLANDO SENTINEL. Harvey, A. J. (1994). Building an Organizational Foundation for the Future. Retrieved from http://www.hitechcj.com/organizational_foundation.html Timm, T. (2014, August 14). Lessons from Ferguson: Police Militarization is Now a Press Freedom Issue. Huffington Post. War Comes Home: The Excessive Militarization of American Policing. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/war-comes-home-excessive-militarization-american-policing

Corporal Punishment Should Be Reintroduced in Schools Essay

Corporal Punishment as described by the Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus is â€Å"punishment of a physical nature, such as caning, flogging, or beating†. As long as students understand that corporal punishment is based on authority, not violence or Abuse, and acknowledge that the authority is being used for legitimate purposes such as; discipline, Respect, appropriate classroom behavior and maintaining high levels of learning, they can easily understand why it is something that their Principal should be allowed to perform with Parental Consent. Nowadays, students control the classroom and disregard the teacher’s orders and authority.† Authority† – the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. Since students know that teachers cannot do anything more than send them out of class, teachers are left with an un-teachable classroom due to the distractions caused by â€Å"nuisances in class†. Students who are defiant or non-compliant can be the most challenging to teach. They frequently interrupt instruction, often do poorly academically, show disrespect and may show little motivation to learn. If parents â€Å"spare the rod† at home and send an undisciplined child to school, then its fair to say it becomes the responsibility of the school to instill discipline. If the parents and the school fail the child in this regard, then the resulting undisciplined child will learn the hard way about the consequences of unacceptable behavior later in life. Corporal punishment, unlike loss of privileges, such as having your mobile phone taken away, no Facebook activity or a firm lecture about your behavior, allows the child to draw a clear line on what is not acceptable behavior. In the UK, corporal punishment has been banned in schools for numerous years. By reintroducing corporal punishment, teachers will regain the respect and healthy order in the classroom that they should have had in the first place. It is also essential to make it clear to the student being punished the guidelines upon why they are receiving that punishment. . If criminals are punished for crimes, then students must also understand that there are penalties for their actions. If you look at educational statistics and reports from the past to the present, violence and delinquency in schools were 200 to 300% lower than they are now according to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), OJJDP (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) and NCES (National Center for Education Statistics). They show through extensive data children in schools during corporal punishment eras that; students performed better, focused, less instances of delinquency and Respectful. In addition, there were also fewer recorded incidents of students and teachers being accosted, assaulted, harassed and violated. References http://www.collinsdictionary.com http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.Asp Http://nces.Ed.Gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.Asp http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/parents-back-corporal-punishment-in-schools-2355544.html House of Commons: Corporal punishment lawful with parental consent [HISTORY] On 28 January 1997 the UK parliament debated reinstating Corporal Punishment in state school’s, ten years after it was abolished. The move failed, but the debate is quite interesting.

Effects of imperialism in Asia Essay

â€Å"What impact did Western imperialism and colonialism have on Asia† That Colonialism and imperialism played a significant role in shaping the modern world and particularly Asia is a prudent judgment. Colonialism is â€Å"a policy in which a country rules other nations and develops trade for its own benefit† and â€Å"the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination† (2004). ‘The West’, which refers to the societies of Europe and their genealogical, colonial, and philosophical descendants. Spain, France, Britain, Canada, and the United States of America are some examples of Western societies. These countries have spread their influence and hegemony over other nations for centuries; shaping today’s North America, Central-America, South America, Africa, Oceana, and Asia (Western Society, 2004). Indochina is a region that today we would consider as Southeast Asia, comprised of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam (Indochina, 2001). Its most recent and most important contact with the West came from France and America. The West had a negative impact on Indochina because its influence damaged Southeast Asia’s system of government, destroyed and diluted the indigenous culture, caused many people to lose their lives and liberty, and set the course for future economic depressions and poverty. INDO-CHINESE GOVERNMENT. Under French colonisation, the Indochinese political structure went into shambles (Hammer, 1966). The puppet governments installed after French colonization were â€Å"repressive, totalitarian, and corrupt which meant that age old traditional and cultural monarchies were replaced by despots under French influence. In little time, each country lost its own unique identity; Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam disappeared off maps and were replaced simply by ‘French Indochina’ (Vietnam War, 2004). Only French-speaking or French-educated people were allowed to gain high positions in government, while others were treated as second-class citizens and toiled in the fields. Opposition to these policies was punishable by exile or imprisonment. This system of government ensured absolute French political control over Indochina’s administration and contributed to lost initiative among the working class people (Hammer, 1966). This system would dominate for about a  hundred years, suppressing regular riots and movements undertaken by the Indochinese people. As time went on, communism’s appeal grew stronger as the repressed saw a light in forms of promised equality, housing, education, money, and better jobs (Vietnam War, 2004). CULTURAL EFFECTS. Culture was also affected. Before French colonization, Vietnam was China’s ‘sphere of influence’. After French colonization, however, Vietnam was torn between two spheres of influence, Chinese and French. The French also imposed their influence on Laos and Cambodia. As a result, many Indochinese people became confused. They did not know whether they should embrace the new forceful French influence, or try to live their shattered pre-existing lifestyle in secrecy (Vietnam War, 2004). Hammer states, â€Å"the widely diffused Chinese educational system, teaching history and morality as well as language, which linked Vietnam with its past, was abolished.† (1966, p.63). The French did whatever they could to stuff their culture down the throats of the people of Indochina; one strategy was manipulating the education system. They implemented a policy where all public secondary education would be taught in French, not the native language of the people (Clayton, 2002). Since the beginning, France had plans to seed their culture in Indochina. Even before colonization of Indochina, French missionaries were sent around the world to spread the French culture through mission civilisatrice (civilizing mission). This policy affirmed that it was France’s â€Å"duty to spread the ways of the superior beings to inferior beings with inferior ways of living† (Ty, n.d., para.17). In addition to implementing new policies and changing existing ones, assimilation was another method of cultural dominance. The French were not hesitant to intermix with Indochinese women and assimilate them and their children to adhere to Western ways of life (Vietnam War, 2004). Everyday lifestyle changes were another method of ensuring cultural dominance. The French manipulated those who had power. A portion of the elite class in Indochina admired the French for their ‘prestigious’ lifestyle and converted to Catholicism, setting an example for the lower  classes (Vietnam War, 2004). Literature is an important part of culture, seeing that countries keep their records, history, and information in texts which would be stored for future generations. A French missionary named Alexander de Rhodes romanized the Vietnamese language, which used to utilize Chinese symbols. This new script, called ‘Quoc Ngu’, detracted Vietnam from its original culture and China’s sphere of influence. Quoc Ngu’s impact is so large, that it is the how the Vietnamese language is written and read today (Quoc Ngu, 2001). In the later 20th century, the Western urban youth’s rebellious lifestyle leaked its way to the Indochinese people. Many young Indochinese people embraced sexual freedom and the movies, clothing styles, and rock music from Western cultures became popular (Vietnam War, 2004). As well as corrupting the way of life for all of Indochinese people and destroying the cultural language of Vietnam, many important historical and cultural cities such as the ancient dynastic capital of Vietnam, Hue, were physically destroyed during the Vietnam War’s bombings (Vietnam War, 2004). As most people lost their government and culture, they became restless and weary of living their peasant lifestyle. Peasants struggled under heavy taxes and high rents. Workers in factories, in coal mines, and on rubber plantations labored in abysmal conditions for low wages. A growing nationalistic fervor was growing by shared feelings of anger, poverty, destitution, and lost liberty. This fervor contributed to the formation of many revolutionary movements. Many people died, became refugees, or became homeless while trying to overthrow foreign invaders out of their country to unify their people. The Vietnamese revolutionary group, the Viet Minh, had a prime objective to overthrow the oppressive governments and install a Communist regime to unify Vietnam. After the end World War II, Ho Chi Minh, leader of the Viet Minh, declared Vietnam’s independence from France (Vietnam War, 2004). Minh was prepared to go at great lengths and sacrifices to achieve his dream of a unified Vietnam. â€Å"You can kill 10 of my men for every one I kill of yours, yet even at those odds, you will lose and I will win.†, decreed Minh himself (Karnow, 1998, para.2). The French were unwilling to give up their colony, a symbol of their world power, so they opposed this informal declaration and attempted to reassert their power back into Indochina by militarist means. This resulted in the bloody Franco-Viet  Minh war where the French were defeated, but at a large human cost to the Vietnamese freedom fighters (Vietnam War, 2004). The victory for the Vietnamese in the eight-year-long Franco-Viet Minh war was supposed to end Indochina’s colonization, and end the bloodshed to unite their people. For nearly a hundred years the people of Southeast Asia resisted and rebelled to no avail, until this landmark victory. But the bloodshed did not stop. Minh’s declaration of independence and liberation would not happen for thirty more years of fighting. The second Indochinese War, The Vietnam War, had an even greater effect on Southeast Asians’ lives. American ‘Secret Bombing’ campaigns and countless napalm strikes lead to the destruction of many homes and at least 10 million people became homeless, and 800,000 became war orphans in South Vietnam alone at the end of the Vietnam War. Most crucially, most of these casualties were civilians. South Vietnamese civilians made up a significant portion of victims of the bombings, even though they were allied to the Americans. Entire cities, forests, mountains, and fields were laid to waste. One quarter of Laos’s population became refugees; which is approximately 500,000 people. In total, over 5 million Indochinese lives were lost fighting for their independence and freedom (Vietnam War, 2004). ECONOMICS. Indochina’s economic problems today can be traced back to colonial times. France’s mercantilist policy exploited the land, labour, and resources of Southeast Asian countries. Indochina was simply a large pool of natural resources for French industrialists. France would get the resources it needed from Indochina, manufacture them into goods, and sell them to her colonies at inflated prices. In addition, Indochina was not an autonomous colony, meaning it could not be self-sufficient. This was intentional because France wanted to have a monopoly on trade with her colonies (Hammer, 1966). France’s attempt to industrialize Indochina only ravaged the land. The sudden shift from calm subsistence farming to large plantations lead to a precariously unbalanced economy that was extremely dependent on agricultural exports; which would eventually be disastrous because of future  land degradation (State of the Environment Vietnam, 2002). A large decline in the number of farmers was not good for agriculture, either. During the time of European domination, productions of rice grew immensely. With this increase of production came an increase in quotas that impoverished peasants had to yield to their landlords, causing widespread famine (Hammer, 1966). Hammer states, â€Å"[Both areas referring to Vietnam] In the 1930’s, at a time when the Vietnamese people did not have enough to eat, Cochin China exported rice in considerable quantities, even Tonkin managed to export some.† (1966, p. 64). Adding to the famine was the insistence that nonfood crops like jute, oil seeds, and opium be grown in certain areas instead of rice (Hammer, 1966). Today, economic expansion is extremely difficult because of Indochina’s history. Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia rank as some of the most undeveloped and impoverished countries in the world. Strained foreign relations as a result of Indochina’s wars and its communist system of government have lead to significant decreases in foreign aid over the past decades (CIA World Factbook, 2003). Although agriculture makes up a significant portion of Indochina’s economy, Indochina cannot even rely on their agricultural economy because Vietnam’s fields, forests, and streams have been contaminated or destroyed by Agent Orange and napalm strikes. As well, Laos’s beautiful jungles consisting of exotic woods, timber, and stones are laden with millions of deadly, unexploded land ordnance, and Cambodia’s prolonged anarchy has proven fatal for any form of significant economic growth. The effect of Indochina’s hardships created by the West has even hindered i ts ability to pick up where it left off, before foreign influence (Vietnam War, 2004). Even decades after formal European military conquest and intervention, Indochina continues to feel the sting of the West’s influence. Today, Southeast Asia is among the poorest places in the world, where people enjoy very little personal freedom and opportunity. Indochina’s primitive infrastructure and poverty-stricken society is burdened by its history and injured foreign relations. The future for Southeast Asia in terms of political stability, human liberty, and economic growth looks unpleasant  because of on-going internal civil tensions caused by unresolved conflicts brought upon by Western imperialism and colonialism. The West truly had a detrimental impact on Indochina because it caused the collapse of Indochina’s traditional system of government, loss and weakening of its pre-existing culture, diminishment of its people’s prosperity and freedom, and destruction of its economy. Concisely, Indochina’s relationship with the West brought nothin g but bloodshed, tears, poverty, famine, and a legacy of economic and social problems that will continue to plague Southeast Asia for centuries to come.

Biz Cafe Reflections

My Biz Cafe Simulation Learning Experience Davenport University Abstract This paper will cover a reflection of my experience with the Biz Cafe simulation. After reading this paper, one should have an idea of what I learned from the simulation and how it works. I will be talking about the challenges my team and I dealt with and how we overcame these challenges. Most importantly, I will be talking about how we made Coffee Connection run as a successful coffee shop.In this paper, I will also discuss my thoughts on teamwork and the significant factors of running a small business. My Biz Cafe Simulation Learning Experience Taking part in the Biz Cafe simulation has been one of the most motivating, enjoyable and enriching learning tools that I have ever been given the opportunity to utilize. It actually gives you the surreal feeling that you are really running your own coffee shop business. I appreciate the creativeness of the simulation and the fact that it provided a fun, delightful educ ational experience for me.Biz Cafe has allowed me to become familiar with the significant factors of successfully starting and running a small business. Some of the significant factors include management, marketing, operational and accounting decisions. The Biz Cafe simulation provided hands-on experience that allowed my group members and I to make the imperative business decisions that contribute to the making or breaking of a business. Overall, I have certainly developed a better understanding of the management of a small business and what it possibly feels like to become an owner.Having the opportunity to start and run a simulated coffee shop from a practical standpoint, I have been able to broaden and strengthen my knowledge of the day-to-day operational functions of a small business. With the help of my team, we were able to make the careful decisions needed in order to run as a successful coffee shop business. Coffee Connection In the start-up decisions, the name we chose for our cafe was Coffee Connection. We agreed upon the name, Coffee Connection because we thought that the name was nice and appropriate for our cafe.The furniture we chose for our coffee shop was the used furniture which was cheaper for us. Choosing the used furniture proved to be a good choice that in the long run worked for our coffee shop. We also decided that purchasing the high capacity espresso machine would be very convenient for the business. The machine turned out to be a great investment that served Coffee Connection very well. Challenges We Overcame A challenge that we faced with our coffee shop was making the staffing decisions. We struggled with trying to figure out a sufficient number of managers and servers to hire and an appropriate pay for them.Around the beginning of the simulation, we had a nice amount of servers which resulted in us receiving an award for best staff. After we extended hours, things seemed to go downhill with our staff. As a result, this had an effec t on the overall service of the workers. They were not as happy or productive as we had hoped. Our managers were becoming stressed out and our servers were being overworked and even a couple of our servers quit. This lead to us hiring more servers, another manager and giving our managers a raise. These necessary adjustments were a must in our attempt to increase productivity.We also thought that by giving the managers a pay raise, it would make them feel appreciated and motivate them to work. Recognition is what is needed to inspire employees to do their best. According to Business Now (Shah, 2009), â€Å"People are willing to work—and work hard—if they think their work makes a difference† (p. 284). After all, a company’s employees are their most valuable resource. During each round of the Biz Cafe simulation, we tried to exercise a realistic way of thinking when making important decisions that would have an impact on our business.When purchasing coffee, one thing we did not take advantage of was sales forecasting which was probably our biggest mistake. As a result, our coffee purchases were constantly off. Not taking advantage of sales forecasting caused it to be difficult to determine an adequate amount of coffee to order for just about every round. What Made Us Successful Early on in the beginning of the simulation, I think we did a great job as far as brand awareness. We were sure to take advantage of the radio and newspaper advertisements. Before long, business was booming.The advertisements were one of best decisions we decided upon due to how much business we brought in by simply marketing our cafe and product. By investing in the advertisements, our sales were definitely increased. Good marketing is undeniably one of the keys to the success of a business. As a team, it is most important to always work together if you plan to succeed. Throughout the Biz Cafe simulation, my teammates and I each put forth an awesome team effort by working together. We all brought different ideas and thoughts to the table.Communication is one of the most vital aspects in working as a team. We made it our business to meet on our group’s discussion board to discuss our weekly decisions and goals for our coffee shop. Each of us was determined to run our cafe successfully. It was pretty fun participating in the simulation with them. Constantly keeping track of the other cafes helped us determine where we should be. Our ultimate goal was to grow and run as a successful cafe. Overall, I think we did a good job! References Shah, A. J. (2009). Business Now (p. 284). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Customer service contributes to customer satisfaction Essay

Introduction: In this Assignment I want to describe how consistent and reliable customer service contributes to customer satisfaction, explain why presentation, interpersonal and communication skills are important to customer service. And I will also anticipate and meet the needs of at least three different customers in a range of situations. Task 1 In this task I should describe how consistent and reliable customer service contributes to customer satisfaction. The national consumer council believes that smart businesses should ensure that the same member of staff deals with an individual customer from the beginning to the end what means if you welcome a customer you should try to deal with the customer and help the customer till the customer wants to go or dos not need your help anymore or till he buy something. Whilst this is the ideal, it isn’t always possible. Therefore, most organisations provide special training to staff to ensure that each person has the same approach with external customer. This is likely to focus on the following aspects of the job. * Scope of job role – You should know what you can do and what you can not do as part of your job and the type of issues you must refer to a supervisor. This should not stop you using your initiative to resolve a straightforward problem quickly, for example if you have nothing to do you should use your own initiative to look for something to do till a customer comes or if a customer has a problem by not finding what he wants to buy you can ask them if they need your help and if you can help them you should help by explaining where they can get it from and you should take care that you do not overstep the limits of your job role by making arrangement or promises that is outside your authority. * Type and quality of product or service – That means you should know the range of goods or services that are available, if you are selling consumable items, such as chocolates. Anyone who sells expensive items or complex services should also be able to give good advice on the best buys or most reliable suppliers, based on their own knowledge, feedback from other costumers and press reports. * Accessibility/Availability – There is nothing more irritating for customers that to want something and then find they are not available. This can relate to a product they have seen advertised but which has now sold out for example if you have an appointment with someone who cannot see you for some time or a room in a hotel which is fully booked. In this situation your job is to sympathise with the customer’s disappointment; try to help them if you can and pass on the information to your employer. This is important. If you have received many enquiries for the same thing in a day and disappointed most people, the stock levels for this product should be reviewed. * Staff attitude and behaviour – The importance of all staff having a consistently positive attitude and behaving courteously and professionally to customers cannot be underestimated. This means if your staffs have good attitude and behaviour the customers will feel comfortable and free to talk to the staff and it also makes customers feel valued and respected. * Timing – Approaching people at the wrong time, or if they are stressed, upset or busy can get a bad response. If you do this by accident, simply apologise and say you will contact them later. Being aware of your timing also means not keeping people waiting unduly; arranging appointments, phone calls and deliveries at your customers convenience, not yours; and never failing to call people back exactly as you promised. By this way you appear reliable to the customers. * Meeting specific customer needs – The skills of meeting customer needs involves identifying these by talking to the customer, and then matching them to the range of goods and services that you can offer. Most customers are pleased with this aspect of customer service because it gives them a sense of importance. Task 2 In this task I should explain why presentation, interpersonal and communication skills are important to customer service. Presentation skills – These skills relate to me as a person. What do other people see as I approach? Do I attract them or alarm them? This has nothing to do with good looks but everything to do with a welcoming smile, appropriate clothes and a smart appearance. Presentation skills include: * Body language; Body language is one of the presentations skills. Body language is a term of communication using body movements. One of the basic body language signal is when a person is crossing his arms across the chest this can mean that the person is putting up a barrier between himself and others but it can also mean that a the person is expressing opposition this is specially so, if the person is leaning away from the speaker. But crossing his arms across the chest can also mean that the person is deeply thinking about something. You can show someone that you are interested in what he is telling you if you keep eye contact. * Another presentations skill is also the dress code which means if you work in an office you have to wear a dress or if you are working somewhere else where they have their own uniform you must wear their uniform and it has to be clean. Many people will consider it impolite if your dress is too far above the dress code. Too far means if you are working for example in ASDA and you are wearing a coat to work, many customers will not know that you are one of the staffs. But if you are working in an environment where they don’t have to wear any uniform, then you must have a good sense to dress properly. * Facial expression is also a presentation skill; facial expression is a result from one or more motions of the muscles of the face. This movement convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. Expressions are closely tied to emotion. It can be nearly impossible to avoid expressions for certain emotions because if you see someone that you think he or she is highly unattractive you might show a brief expression of disgust before you will be able to reassume a neutral expression and if you don’t have this skill it may be hard for you to work in an environment with different customers or other staff members. Interpersonal skills are how people relate to one another, in other words it means how you behave when you are dealing with other people. Having positive interpersonal skills increase the productivity in a business. Interpersonal skills include: * First impression; your interpersonal skills are on show from the moment you greet a customer to the time you say goodbye and if your first impression to a customer is good the customer might come again. * Behaviour – This is what you do and why you do it in other words it is the actions or reactions from you, for example if you are a positive person, you will normally behave in a cheerful and friendly way to other peoples. * Attitude – Your attitude is the way you think. For example if you are depressed you will be negative, if you are fed up then you will be bored and if you are happy you will be friendly to other people. Communication skills – communication is a process whereby information is imparted by a sender to a receiver in other words you need to speak to you customer as well and how you do this is important. If you are communicating with a customer you must look after your * Your speech – this means that you should speak loud and clearly because if you are speaking too quietly or miss the endings of words, then the customer might have problems to understand you. * Your language – this means that you should use appropriate language for your customer because it is not appropriate to use slangs and jargons since the customer will not understand what you are talking about. * The pitch of your voice – this means that you should take care of how you sound. For example if you have to talk to a group of people you should raise your head and speak more loudly and clearly but without shouting. And you should know how to pitch your voice to hold the interests of your customer because if you sound monotone the customer will soon lose the interest. Task 3 In this task I should anticipate and meet the needs of at least three different customers in a range of situations. * Accessibility for disable peoples for example those with wheelchairs. The business makes their stores accessible for wheelchair user by having big signs that are clear and easy to read, a ramp as an alternative to steps, the doors should also be wide and easy to open and the widths are allowing wheelchairs and the height of counter areas and shelves also allows wheelchairs. The business should also have toilets that meet the needs of wheelchair users. And the staff should also take time to help peoples in wheelchairs if they need help. * Health and safety – The business makes their store healthy and safe by making sure that all selling environments are assassed for risk so that any hazards are minimised, it means, the business must keep the workplace clean, they must make sure that their floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways are properly maintained and it is kept from any obstruction and any substance likely to cause a person to slip and fall. If you, as a staff member, see something that can affect the health and safety in the business then you should do something about it before something happened, for example if you see something on the floor that can make someone fall then you should take the thing away from the floor or if the floor is wet you should put a sign there that the floor is wet so that no one can fall. * Email – The business makes sure that they have a email account so that they can send emails to customers and others. If you send a email you should make sure that you chose the right message style and layout and that you follow the recommended business format. And the email should also be written in a courteous and tactful way and also the wording should be appropriate for the situation. But it will be useful if for example you want to send an email to a customer you should mark the email as high priority if it will be important for the customer. And for you as a staff member you should have the skills to send an email which means that you should be a able to apply the appropriate customer service an to make sure that you chose a good tone and degree of formality depending upon the person and your reason for writing and it is important that the business mails should comply with organisational rules and recognised standards.